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What Is Autism? Understanding Early Signs and Next Steps

Autism is a developmental condition that affects how children communicate, learn, and experience the world. Recognizing early signs is the first step toward getting the right support.

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Understanding Autism

Autism and Autism Spectrum Disability (ASD) are both general terms for a group of complex disabilities of brain development. These disorders are characterized, in varying degrees, by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors.

Autism Spectrum Disability is a neurological condition that results in developmental delays in both social communication and social interaction.

Most individuals with autism respond by developing simplification strategies that help them deal with a complex social world that can be overwhelming to them.

Common Early Signs That Parents Notice

Early detection of autism spectrum disability is critical for long-term development because the earlier parents and clinicians identify autism and begin therapy, the better the outcomes for the child. Your vigilance and access to answers can change the trajectory of your child’s growth.

Not sure if your child is displaying early signs of autism?
Take our quick Child Development Screener (less than 5 minutes) for immediate results and clear next steps.

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  • Lack of Eye Contact

    Avoids eye contact and prefers to be alone.

  • No Response to Name

    Does not respond to their name by 12 months.

  • Delayed Speech

    Is experiencing delays in speech and language.

  • Repetitive Speech

    Repeats sounds, words, and phrases

  • No Pretend Play

    Does not play “pretend” games by 18 months.

  • Upset Easily

    Is easily upset by minor changes.

  • Obsessive

    Has obsessive interests.

  • Body Movements

    Engages in hand flapping, body rocking, or spinning in circles.

  • No Pointing

    Does not point at objects of interest by 14 months.

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Causes of Autism

There is no definitive explanation as to what causes autism, but research is ongoing. There is general consensus among most mainstream researchers that genetics plays a large role and may be responsible for up to 90 percent of the occurrences. Researchers have identified as many as 10 or more genes that may play a role in determining whether a child develops autism.

Scientific research also suggests that other factors may increase the likelihood of autism. Prenatal risk factors such as diabetes or the use of psychotropic drugs by a mother during pregnancy may play a role in determining whether a child develops autism. Children born to older than average parents may also be at greater risk. Babies born prematurely and those who experience hypoxia during birth may face a greater risk of autism. Prenatal viral infections may be the principle non-genetic cause of autism.

Autism FAQs

Early signs of autism can vary, but they often manifest in areas of communication, social interaction, and behavior.

Common signs may include:

  • Communication delays: Limited or absent speech, trouble using gestures, or difficulty understanding language.
  • Social differences: Challenges with eye contact, responding to their name, or showing interest in others’ emotions.
  • Repetitive behaviors or routines: Repeating movements, strict adherence to routines, or intense interest in specific objects.
  • Sensory sensitivities: Overreacting or underreacting to lights, sounds, textures, or other sensory experiences.

Caravel recommends early screening if you notice these behaviors. Tools like Caravel’s online child development screener can help you quickly identify potential areas of concern and determine if a full diagnostic evaluation is needed. Early detection allows families to access support sooner, which can make a meaningful difference in developmental outcomes.

There is no specific age at which autism can be identified, and we encourage parents to receive an evaluation as early as possible when they start to be concerned about their child’s development. We can start seeing signs of social communication deficits as early as 12 months of age, with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior emerging between 12 and 36 months of age. Caravel serves children between the ages of 12 months and 11 years.

A child development screener is a brief, accessible tool you can complete from home to identify possible developmental concerns and help you decide whether to seek a full assessment.

A diagnostic evaluation is a much more in-depth, clinician-led process. Caravel’s diagnosticians gather detailed history, observe your child, use standardized assessment tools, and provide a formal diagnosis (or rule one out).

The screener is a first step—not definitive. A diagnostic evaluation is what’s needed to confirm—and guide—clinical decisions and therapeutic planning.

After a diagnostic evaluation, Caravel provides clear feedback, a care plan, and connection to ongoing support and therapy services.

At Caravel, we emphasize early intervention because the sooner a child receives support, the better their developmental outcomes. Early intervention can:

  • Support critical skill development in communication, social interaction, and daily living.
  • Reduce challenging behaviors before they become entrenched.
  • Increase independence and school readiness, helping children thrive in classroom and social settings.
  • Maximize long-term outcomes, as research shows children who start therapy earlier often achieve greater gains.

Caravel’s child development screener is designed to help families take that first step by identifying potential developmental concerns and guiding next steps toward evaluation and therapy. Early detection opens the door to timely, individualized support.

If you have concerns about your child’s development, Caravel recommends starting with our child development screener. This quick, confidential online tool can help you identify potential areas of concern and determine whether a full diagnostic evaluation may be appropriate.

If the screener indicates possible signs of autism—or if you prefer to move directly to a formal assessment—Caravel offers a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation. Conducted by licensed clinicians, this evaluation provides a clear diagnosis, personalized recommendations, and guidance for next steps, including therapy and supports.

Starting with the screener or scheduling a diagnostic evaluation can give you clarity, peace of mind, and a roadmap for supporting your child’s development.